Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
This list of tests is not intended in any way to suggest patterns of physician's orders, nor is it complete. These tests may support possible clinical diagnoses or rule out other diagnostic possibilities. Each laboratory test relevant to AIDS is listed and weighted. Two symbols (**) indicate that the test is diagnostic, that is, documents the diagnosis if the expected is found. A single symbol (*) indicates a test frequently used in the diagnosis or management of the disease. The other listed tests are useful on a selective basis with consideration of clinical factors and specific aspects of the case.
Acid-Fast Stain |
Acid-Fast Stain, Modified, Nocardia Species |
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Fungi |
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Mycobacteria |
Arthropod Identification |
Babesiosis Serological Test |
Bacteremia Detection, Buffy Coat Micromethod |
Bacterial Culture, Blood |
Bacterial Culture, Bronchoscopy Specimen |
Bacterial Culture, Sputum |
Bacterial Culture, Stool |
Bacterial Culture, Throat |
Bacterial Culture, Urine, Clean Catch |
Beta2-Microglobulin |
Blood and Fluid Precautions, Specimen Collection |
Bronchial Washings Cytology |
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cytology |
Brushings Cytology |
Candida Antigen |
Candidiasis Serologic Test |
Cat Scratch Disease Serology |
CD4/CD8 Enumeration |
Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology |
Cryptococcal Antigen Titer |
Cryptosporidium Diagnostic Procedures |
Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease Cytology |
Cytomegalovirus Antibody |
Cytomegalovirus Antigen Detection |
Cytomegalovirus Culture |
Cytomegalovirus DNA Detection |
Darkfield Examination, Syphilis |
Electron Microscopy |
Folic Acid, Serum |
Fungal Culture, Biopsy or Body Fluid |
Fungal Culture, Blood |
Fungal Culture, Cerebrospinal Fluid |
Fungal Culture, Sputum |
Fungal Culture, Stool |
Fungal Culture, Urine |
Hemoglobin A2 |
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen |
Herpes Cytology |
Herpes Simplex Virus Antigen Detection |
Herpes Simplex Virus Culture |
Histopathology |
Histoplasmosis Antibody |
Histoplasmosis Antigen |
**HIV-1/HIV-2 Serology |
HTLV-I/II Antibody |
*Human Immunodeficiency Virus Culture |
*Human Immunodeficiency Virus DNA Amplification |
India Ink Preparation |
Inhibitor, Lupus, Phospholipid Type |
KOH Preparation |
Leishmaniasis Serological Test |
Leukocyte Immunophenotyping |
Lymphocyte Transformation Test |
Microsporidia Diagnostic Procedures |
Mycobacteria by DNA Probe |
Mycobacterial Culture, Biopsy or Body Fluid |
Mycobacterial Culture, Cerebrospinal Fluid |
Mycobacterial Culture, Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tissue |
Mycobacterial Culture, Sputum |
Mycobacterial Culture, Stool |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Culture and Smear |
Nocardia Culture |
Ova and Parasites, Stool |
*p24 Antigen |
Platelet Count |
Pneumocystis carinii Preparation |
Pneumocystis Immunofluorescence |
Polymerase Chain Reaction |
Red Blood Cell Indices |
Risks of Transfusion |
Skin Biopsy |
Sputum Cytology |
Toxoplasmosis Serology |
VDRL, Serum |
Viral Culture |
Viral Culture, Blood |
Viral Culture, Body Fluid |
Viral Culture, Central Nervous System Symptoms |
Viral Culture, Dermatological Symptoms |
Viral Culture, Tissue |
Virus, Direct Detection by Fluorescent Antibody |
White Blood Count |
Currently Approved Antiretroviral Drugs
Fusion Inhibitors |
enfuvirtide (Fuzeon™) |
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) |
delavirdine (Rescriptor®) |
efavirenz (Sustiva®) |
nevirapine (Viramune®) |
Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) |
abacavir (Ziagen®) |
abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (Trizivir®) |
didanosine (Videx®) |
emtricitabine (Emtriva™) |
lamivudine (Epivir®) |
stavudine (Zerit®) |
tenofovir (Viread®) |
zalcitabine (Hivid®) |
zidovudine (Retrovir®) |
zidovudine and lamivudine (Combivir®) |
Protease Inhibitors (PIs) |
amprenavir (Agenerase®) |
atazanavir (Reyataz™) |
indinavir (Crixivan®) |
lopinavir and ritonavir (Kaletra®) |
nelfinavir (Viracept®) |
ritonavir (Norvir®) |
saquinavir (Fortovase®, Invirase®) |
New Anti-HIV/Antiretroviral Drugs in Development
emivirine (Coactinon®) |
emtricitabine (Coviracil®) |
pentafusaide |
tenofovir (Viread™) |
tipranavir |
Drugs Used To Treat Complications of HIV / AIDS
Generic Name (Synonym) | Brand Name | Use |
alitretinoin gel 0.1% | Panretin® Gel | AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma |
amphotericin B, lipid complex (ABLC) | Abelcet®, AmBisome® | Antifungal for aspergillosis |
atovaquone | Mepron® | Antiprotozoal antibiotic used to treat and prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
azithromycin | Zithromax® | Antibiotic used to treat Mycobacterium avium |
cidofovir | Vistide® | Antiviral used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
clarithromycin (Cla) | Biaxin® | Antibiotic used to treat and prevent Mycobacterium avium |
daunorubicin citrate (liposomal) | DaunoXome® | Chemotherapy for Kaposi sarcoma |
doxorubicin (liposomal) | Doxil® | Chemotherapy for Kaposi sarcoma |
dronabinol | Marinol® | Treat loss of appetite |
epoetin alfa
(erythropoietin, EPO) | Procrit®, Epogen® | Treat anemia related to AZT therapy |
famciclovir | Famvir® | Antiviral used to treat herpes |
fluconazole | Diflucan® | Antifungal used to treat candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis |
fomivirsen sodium injection | Vitravene™ intravitreal injection | Antiviral used to treat CMV retinitis |
foscarnet | Foscavir® | Antiviral used to treat herpes and CMV retinitis |
ganciclovir insert | Vitrasert® Implant | Antiviral used to treat CMV retinitis |
ganciclovir (DHPG) | Cytovene® | Antiviral used to treat CMV retinitis |
immune globulin, intravenous (IVIG) | Gamimune® N | Immune booster used to prevent bacterial infections in children |
interferon alfa-2a
(IFLrA, rIFN-A) | Roferon-A® | Treat Kaposi sarcoma and hepatitis C |
interferon alfa-2b (INF-alpha 2) | Intron®-A | Treat Kaposi sarcoma and hepatitis C |
itraconazole | Sporanox® | Antifungal used to treat blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and candidiasis |
megestrol acetate | Megace® | Treat loss of appetite and weight |
paclitaxel | Taxol® | Kaposi sarcoma |
pentamidine | NebuPent® | Antiprotozoal antibiotic used to prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
rifabutin (ansamycin) | Mycobutin® | Antimycobacterial used to prevent Mycobacterium avium |
human growth hormone (somatrem, somatropin) | Serostim® | Treat weight loss |
sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim
(co-trimoxazole) | Bactrim™, Septra® | Antiprotozoal antibiotic used to treat and prevent Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
trimetrexate glucuronate | Neutrexin® | Antiprotozoal antibiotic used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
valganciclovir | Valcyte™ | Antiviral used to treat CMV retinitis |